Cultural Assessment of the U.S. Navy Essay -- essays research papers

Mission Statement The US Navy has founded its self with being an organization that will train and activate skilled combat naval personnel. The official mission statement taken off their web site states, â€Å"The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression and maintaining freedom of the seas.† (http://www.navy.com) The Navy also prides itself on the adventurous spirit it takes to embark on a career in the navy. The slogan used in getting new recruits is â€Å"Accelerate your lifeâ€Å". These statements suggest that the Navy is not only clear in its purpose and design, but also dedicated to its end. The clarity of its mission is seen in the extensive training that recruits receive in boot camp and the mental focus directed by their superiors to focus on the mission statement. In recruitment, the Navy seeks young men and women, often bogged down with school and jobs that to an eighteen or nineteen year old see ms to be boring and slow paced. Work Environment The navy workspace is most commonly out on the sea, on a ship, or in a submarine. Part of the Navy’s mission is to maintain freedom of the seas, thus the sea is their workplace. The design of many of these vessels does not allow for tremendous amounts of space or access to the outside world. A ship in the middle of the ocean is constricting of a person’s mobility. Thus the ideal is to function as a crew and to work as a unit in order to accomplish the goal. The tight quarters emphasize connecting with your fellow shipmates. Use of Slogans "Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of All Who Threaten It" is currently the slogan for the United States Navy. The slogan was meant to express the Navy's core mission of projecting power globally to protect and defend America. In addition, it has become a focus of purpose, pride and loyalty about standing up for your country and what it represents. Past slogans intended to capture the real meaning and spirit of the Navy were "Sailors Have More Fun," "Go Navy," "Fly Navy," "Join the Navy and see the World," "You and the Navy, Full Speed Ahead,† â€Å"It’s Not just a job. It's an Adventure!" and "Accelerate Your Life." (â€Å"Life, Liberty,† 2004). Techniques and ... ...p; Retrieved September 11, 2004 from http://www.military.com/NewContent/0,13190,080204_Navy,00.html?ESRC=vy Navy (n.d.). Secure Your Future: Family Security Retrieved September 9, 2004, from http://www.navy.com/secureyourfuture/familysecurity Official blue angels site. (n.d.). Retrieved September 11, 2004 from http://www.blueangels.navy.mil/flashindex.html Phillpot, T. (2004) Military Update. Star and Stripes Retrieved September 9, 2004, from http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=24305 Shalikashvili, J.M. (n.d.). Shape, Respond, Prepare Now -- A Military Strategy for a New Era. National Military Strategy. Retrieved September 14, 2004, from http://www.dtic.mil/jcs/nms/index.html#Top Status of the Navy. (2004, September). The US Navy: Around the World, Around the Clock. Retrieved September 10, 2004 from http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/ news/.www/status.html Stevens, P. (2001). Give them a sense of pride, and they'll stay. Proceedings. United States Naval Institute, 127(7), 112.

Globalization Phenomena

Introduction The speed of globalization phenomena has created an impact not only in the economic, social and political dimensions of human life, but also in the area of education (see Winarti, 2011). As companies become multinational, people become more mobile and vice-versa. This requires schools and teachers to able to accommodate children from various backgrounds and prepare them for life in a complex and diverse world.Responding to that complexity, the Partnership for 21st Century Skills (http://www.p21.org/) indicates that the basic knowledge expected by students in this new millennium should include: English Language, Reading Comprehension, Writing English, Mathematics, Science, Government/Economics, Humanities/Arts, Foreign Languages, History/Geography. Meanwhile, the applied skills needed are critical thinking/problem solving, oral communication, written communication, teamwork/collaboration, diversity appreciation, information technology application, leadership, creativity/innovation, lifelong learning/self-direction, professionalism/work ethics, and ethics/social responsibility. While those 21st century skills are urgently required by the modern students, these requirements are often challenging for future Indonesian teachers studying in elementary school teacher education programs. Years of learning experience under the centralized government has resulted in the students being in the mode of the blue collar workers' mentality, requiring detailed instructions for every single project (see Winarti, 2012). Â   Being in such a condition, the researcher, who is simultaneously a lecturer with curriculum development responsibilities, was motivated to introduce emancipatory education, which is known to be used widely in developing countries (see Gerdes, 1985; Gordon, 1986; Zeuner, 2013), to deal with the gap between the required and the present mode of teaching and learning. This type of liberation education was introduced in the Curriculum and Learning Development course, which is a compulsory subject for future teachers, especially future elementary school teachers known in Indonesia as the student teachers of Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar (PGSD). For a detailed description of this study's theoretical framework, the sections that follow discuss the concepts and goals of emancipatory education and the design of the PGSD Curriculum and Learning Development course. The article, then, considers research methods, results and discussion, conclusions and recommendations.

Escalating Costs of Social Health Insurance Essay

Unlike any other country in the world, the United States continually experience rising cost of healthcare provision. Wolfe (1999) reports that healthcare costs has been increasing at a high rate for decades, it is estimated that every 40 months, the share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) spent on healthcare goes up by 1 percent. Health expenditure which stood at 12. 3 percent of GDP in 1990 increased to 16. 0 percent of GDP in 2006 and is projected to reach 20 percent in the next 7 years. Between 2005 and 2006 alone, healthcare spending increased by 6. 7 percent, exceeding nominal GDP growth by 0. 6 percent, to a whooping $2. 1 trillion, representing an estimated $7,000 spending per person (Kuttner 2008; Catlin et al 2008). Various factors including inflation, aging population and advances in medical technology has been indicted as been responsible for the global increase in health expenditures, however, the American situation appears to be peculiar. Kuttner (2008) contends that the proliferation of new technologies, poor diet, lack of exercise, the tendency for supply (physicians, hospitals, tests, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and novel treatments) to generate demand and the culture of the American litigation, resulting in excessive malpractice litigations and the practice of defensive medicine, all adds together to ensure that the country experiences the largest and fastest growth in health expenditures, while at the same time, defeating efforts at cost containments. Like every other developed country, health insurance systems, especially social health insurance systems constitute the primarily methods of health financing (Carrin and James, 2004). This arrangement ensures that most of the cost of healthcare are paid by third parties, either through public establishments, as in social (public) health insurance systems, or by private bodies, as in private health insurance system, or in some cases, a mixture of both (Wolfe, 1999). The mixture of private and social health insurance is present in almost every country, with variations in their coverage. While in most European countries, social health insurance is deeply ingrained in societal fabric and provides the largest source of funding and insurance coverage (Saltman, 2004), the vast majority of Americans receive their health insurance coverage through employer based private insurance, with the rest of the country covered by any of the several public health insurance programs (Glover et al 2003). It is estimated that employer private health insurance covers approximately 63 percent of the population, with 51 percent of these amount covered by their own employers, while the remaining 41 percent are covered as a worker’s dependent; 14 percent are covered by public programs, 5 percent covered by individual insurance policies while an estimated 17 percent of the population are uncovered by any insurance (Devi, 2005). Medicare is largely regarded as the primary national (social) health insurance program in the United States, providing coverage for an estimated 44 million Americans over the age of 65. It is also estimated that Medicare provides health insurance coverage for about 7 million Americans under the age of 65 who have a disability or chronic condition (Fact Sheet, 2007). Social health insurance is a vital part of any country’s health care and health financing program, in some part of Europe, there is a general contention that social health insurance is not just an insurance arrangement, but a ‘way of life’, they are seen as a part of a social incomes policy that seek to redistribute wealth and health risk evenly amongst the population, however, the rising costs of these systems, not just in the United States but across the modern world, threatens the system. Before an analysis of the costs and factors driving costs of social health insurance systems, especially in America and in other European countries, it is important to first briefly describe the underlying principles of the social health insurance system and its difference from the private health insurance programs. This will be followed by a description of the United States Medicare program and some social health insurance programs in selected European countries and then a look at the costs of these programs. Steps taken towards cutting costs of the social insurance programs and the differences in cost cutting approaches between the United States and European Union countries will be examined. Lastly, future approaches that could help ameliorate the financial challenges facing the United States public insurance programs shall be recommended. Social Health Insurance Social health insurance, in its basic principle, in any society achieves a set of societal objectives through its peculiar form of financial cross subsidies, which covers redistribution from the healthy to the ill, from the well off to the less well off, from the young to the old and from the individual to the family. This redistributive focus of any social health insurance program distinguishes it from what is nominally regarded as insurance, thus, in several societies, it entrenches solidarity, income redistribution and is thus seen as a ‘key part of a broader structure of social security and income support that sits at the heart of civil society’ (Saltman, 2004:5) Saltman and Dubois (2004) contend that although Germany is considered the source of the modern day form of social health insurance, when it codified existing voluntary structures into compulsory state supervised legislation in 1883, the history of social health insurance (SHI) dates back longer to the medieval guilds in the late Middle Ages. However, they agreed that the structure and organization of SHI over time has considerably evolved; the number of people covered has increased from a small number of workers in particular trades to a larger portion of the population, the central concept SHI has evolved from wage replacement a death benefit into payment for and or provision of outpatient physician services, inpatient hospital care and drugs; thirdly, the administrative structure of SHI has also evolved from cooperative workers association to state mandated legislative character, beginning with Germany in 1883 and the most recent, 1996 in Switzerland. Structurally, social health insurance everywhere possesses three common characteristics. Social health insurance programs are administered privately in both funding and in the provision of health services; as a result of their private administration, social health programs are self regulating, and lastly, as a consequence of their independence and self regulation, social health insurance programs are relatively stable, both in organizational and financial terms (Saltman, 2004). As a fall out of these structural characteristics, social health insurance posses several core components that differentiate them from private health insurance programs. Under SHI, the raising of funds is tied to income of beneficiaries, usually in the form of a transparent and fixed percentage of wages. As a result, contributions are risk independent and thus encourage maximal risk pooling. Also, collection and administration of revenues for the program are handled by not-for-profit and sometimes, state run funds and these funds are usually managed by board members that are usually representative and elected. The United States Medicare program posses most or all of the characteristics of a social health insurance program. For over 40 years, the program has successfully provided healthcare access for the elderly and millions of people with disability. It is regarded as the nation’s single largest health insurance program and it covers a wide range of the society for a broad range of health services. For example, Potetz (2008) report that one out of ever five dollars spent on healthcare in 2006 came through the Medicare program. The program is also reported to fund, at least, one third of all hospital stays, nationally. In most European countries too, national, public (social) health insurance programs reportedly covers a large proportion of the population, in most cases, reaching up to 100 percent coverage. Saltman and others (2004) reports that in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Switzerland and from 1995, Israel, all have health insurance systems where (public) social health programs plays predominant roles in organization and funding of health care services, where between 60 to 100 percent of the population are mandatorily covered. They further argue that even countries like Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, Greece and Portugal that have a tax funded National Health Service schemes, segments of SHI based healthcare funding also exists. Explaining the difference between social health insurance programs and private health insurance, Thomson and Mossialos (2004) contend that private health insurance play very insignificant role in the health systems of several European countries, either in terms of funding or access to healthcare. Unlike in the United States where more than 60 percent of the population are covered by private employer based insurance, private health insurance programs covers a relatively small proportion of the population and accounts for less than 5 percent of the total health spending, with the exception of France, Germany and the Netherlands. The most common difference between social and private health insurance includes eligibility, risk pooling and benefits. For social health insurance programs, contributions are mostly based on a fixed or varying proportion of wages, without regard for risks, thus a wider proportion of the people are eligible and benefits i. e. health services offered are broader with less out of pocket costs (Thomson and Mossialos, 2004; Saltman 2004). For private health insurance, the reverse is the case in most situations. Especially in for-profit private health insurance systems, contributions are adjusted according to risks and for the most part high risks individuals are rejected or expected to pay higher premiums. Consequently, eligibility requirements are strict; out of pocket expenses might be higher, while services provided vary significantly across programs, depending on an array of factors. Depending on the generally functions and services offered by private health insurance, the relation to social health insurance can be substitutive, complementary or supplementary. Substitutive private health insurance programs provides insurance covers that is otherwise available from the public programs purchased by individuals or groups who are excluded from the SHI. The larger proportion of the US society is excluded from the public insurance programs, which are usually available to the elderly, the disabled or the very poor, the rest of the population must rely on private employer based insurance. However, in European countries with effective SHI, only certain individuals with income above a certain upper threshold are excluded from the public insurance program e. g. in Netherlands and Germany, while the rest of the population are eligible. Complementary private health insurance programs provide cover for services not fully covered by the SHI programs or totally excluded, the Medicare + Choice plans is an example of such covers. Lastly, supplementary private health insurance provides cover for faster access and also increased consumer choices for individuals who can afford it (Thomson and Mossialos, 2004). Eligibility and Coverage  The United States Medicare program is essentially for the elderly, thus, individuals are eligible for Medicare coverage if they are citizens of the United States or have been a permanent legal resident for five continues years and over 65 years old. Individuals younger than 65 years of age can also be eligible for Medicare coverage if they are disabled and have been on the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or the Railroad Retirement Board benefits for a period of two years. Further, individuals with end state renal disease (ESRD) or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) known as Lou Gehrig’s disease also qualifies for Medicare coverage. However, many people with disability do not qualify for SSDI benefits and by extension, Medicare. To qualify for these benefits, disabled individuals must have a family member under age 65 who have a work history which included Federal Income Contribution Act tax (FICA), an individual may also qualifies for SSDI on the FICA contributions of a parent as a Childhood Disability Beneficiary (CDB) or as a disabled spouse of a deceased spouse. Whichever qualification route applicable, an individual qualifies for Medicare two years after he/she starts receiving the SSDI benefits, except for the Lou Gehrig’s disease where Medicare benefits starts in the first month SSDI payments are received or in the case of the ESRD where Medicare benefits starts within three months of the first dialysis (Fact Sheet, 2007). As of 2007, it is estimated that Medicare provides cover and health services to about 43 million Americans. This figure is expected to double to 77 million by 2031 when the baby boomers of the post World War II period start to retire. However, as mentioned previously, SHI in European countries offer universal coverage that is mandatory in some countries. Coverage for these countries varies from 63 percent in Netherlands to 100 percent coverage in France, Israel and Switzerland. In most of these countries, it is usually the highest income groups that are either allowed or required by law to leave the social health programs for private health insurance (Saltman, 2004:7). Benefits Benefits for Medicare members have continually been modified. The original program has two parts, Medicare Part A and part B. The Part A program known as Hospital Insurance, covers hospital stays with stays in skilled nursing facilities for limited periods if certain qualifying criteria are met. Such criteria include the length of hospital stay, which most be three days, at least, excluding the discharge day and stay in skilled nursing facility must be for conditions diagnosed during the hospitalization. Medicare Part A allows up to a maximum of 100day stay in skilled nursing facilities, with the first 20 days completely paid for by Medicare and the remaining 80days paid in part and requiring a co-payment from the beneficiary. The Medicare Part B covers services and products not covered by Part A, but on an outpatient basis. The benefits under this coverage includes physician and nursing services, laboratory diagnostic tests, influenza and pneumonia vaccinations x-rays and blood transfusions. Other services include renal dialysis, outpatient hospital procedures, Immunosuppressive drugs for organ transplant recipients, chemotherapy, limited ambulance transportation and other outpatient medical treatments carried out in a physician’s office. This coverage, to some extent, also includes medical equipments like walkers, wheelchairs and mobility scooters for individuals with mobility problems, while prosthetic devices, such as breast prosthesis after mastectomy or eye glasses after cataract surgery are also covered. The recently added Part C and D of the Medicare benefits slightly deviate from the original Medicare concept. After the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 came into effect, Medicare beneficiaries were allowed the option of receiving their Medicare benefits through private health insurance plans if they do not want to go through the original Medicare plans. These became known as Medicare + Choice as beneficiaries could choose any private health insurance plans and have it paid for by Medicare. The Medicare + Choice or Part C arrangement later became known as the Medicare Advantage Plan after the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 came into effect. The Part D plan, on the other hand, covers mainly prescription drugs and anyone in the original Plan A or B is eligible for this plan. However, in other to receive the benefits of the Plan D, a beneficiary must enroll and be approved for a Stand-alone Prescription Drug Plan (PDP) or Medicare Advantage plan with prescription drug coverage (MA-PD). However, because Plan D is effectively operated by private health insurance companies, there are no standardized benefits, like the plan A and B; the private insurance companies could choose to cover some drugs or classes of drugs and not cover others, with the exception of drugs excluded from Medicare coverage. Beneficiaries are therefore restricted to the drugs coverage of the plans they choose (Merlis, 2008; Potetz, 2008). Contributions towards Social Health Insurance Medicare financing, like social health insurance everywhere, is financed through a complex mix of taxes, contributions, co-payments and the likes. The most important source of financing for the Medicare expenditures is through the payroll tax imposed by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act and the Self-Employment Contributions Act of 1954, while other sources of financing includes general revenue through income taxes, a tax on Social Security benefits, and payments from states required for the Medicare drug benefits which started in 2006. In addition to these, beneficiaries also contribute directly to Medicare financing through premiums, deductibles and co-insurance. It is reported that income cases, physician do charge beneficiaries an additional out-of -pocket ‘balance billing’ to cover for services rendered (Potetz, 2008). The federal payroll taxes are paid by the working population or by the beneficiaries throughout their work history. The tax equals 2. 9 percent of gross wages, with half (1. 45 percent) deducted from the worker’s salary and the other half paid by the employer. Initially, there was a ceiling on the maximum amount any single person can contribute; however, beginning from 1994, the maximum limit was removed. Self employed people who do not have an employer to cover the other half of their taxes are mandated by law to pay the full 2. 9 percent of their estimated earnings. However, the contributions from the beneficiaries vary considerably depending on the plan and also range from premiums, deductibles, co-payments or in some cases, the balance billing mentioned previously.

buy custom Business Ethics essay

buy custom Business Ethics essay One of the principles of Caltex was that they needed to expand their business globally. They wanted to penetrate in the African market. In this case, they had to make a business deal with government of South Africa. In order to conduct this business deal they had to follow the South African law and use the correct method. The principles for the South African government were that Caltex should provide them with one thousand dollars and jobs for the South African citizens. The two parties struck a deal and the Caltex is among the leading companies globally and in the African market. I tend to believe that the best principles for this case are the Caltex Company following the South African law. Additionally, I think the South African principle for the job opportunities for its people is the best. This is because the South African country needs the economy of the country. Additionally, the Caltex Company did the most ethical thing to follow the normal protocol followed by other foreign companies that wanted to invest in South Africa. This shows that both parties have corporate social responsibility. In the world of mrketing, companies employ different strategies in order to gain the competitive advantage. It is even more distinct for companies that do produce the same product. For example, in the case, food companies have distinct marketing strategies as compared to those of drug companies. The food companies use advertisements and pamphlets as their marketing strategies but the drug companies only use advertisements. For instance, when Formula Company tried to use panaflex their sales went down and the company was under a lot of criticism. This means that drug companies only use advertisements as there marketing strategies as compared to the food companies. Price fixing is one of the marketing strategies where companies set prices for their products (Velasquez, 2006). In the case of telecommunication companies, they set prices on their products in order to attract their customers. There are ethical implications in the prices fixing of the different prices. For instance, when the companies set high prices for their products they may harm the society because they are over charging them. In this case, the company may be seen as if they are exploiting the society by overcharging them thus it is unethiical. On the other hand, when the companies set law prices for their products they may harm themselves because they might not make any profits thus running at a loss. It is important for the companies to consider the society and at the same time consider themselves so that they cannot harm themselves. In the case of Clarence Burk, his marketing strategies were ethical because he was considering the society and at the same time considering the c ompany. Unlimited goods simply mean that the goods are readily available or there are in abundance. Carrying capacity is the total amount of goods in the marketing. For instance, air is referred to as unlimited goods by the companies because air has a huge carrying capacity. Air pollution is common with companies because they fail to consider the society. Unlimited goods and carrying capacity are closely related to pollution control in the sense that when the unlimited goods like air are mismanaged they deteriorate slowly causing pollution. Therefore, in order for companies to have ethics they must consider the society by protecting the environment thus creating a relationship between unlimited goods and carrying capacity (Velasquez, 2006). Buy custom Business Ethics essay

Civil Rights Movement Essay Example

Civil Rights Movement Essay Example Civil Rights Movement Essay Civil Rights Movement Essay In the pinnacle period of the Civil Rights Movement, a lot have been said about the great men and women who fought for their rights. Even today, we hardly talk about the Movement without mentioning the name of Martin Luther King. The passion and sacrifice that brought on this fight cannot be equaled by other movements. Charisma has been studied as a trait, with the approach to its study being to look at such qualities as â€Å"being visionary, energetic, unconventional, exemplary, and possessing outstanding rhetorical ability† (Charisma, n.d., citing Bass, 1989; Conger, 1989; Harvey, 2001) .Max Weber, on the other hand, defines charisma as â€Å"a certain quality of an individual, by virtue of which she or he is set apart from ordinary people and endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. (Charisma, n.d., citing Weber, 1947).Charismatic Theory utilized by Martin Luther King, Jr.Charismatic Leadership Theory states â€Å"t hat charismatic leaders are exceptionally self-confident, are strongly motivated to attain and assert influence, and have strong convictions on the moral correctness of their beliefs. (Charismatic Leadership as cited in House Aditya 1997, p. 416-417 Theory). King utilizes this with such ease, exceptional confidence and grace, coupled with no interest in self-aggrandizement such that he moved his audience in awe and action.It is in this light that we will look into the speech of King and see how he employed the charismatic theory in order to spur people to action. In his speech, I Have a Dream, Luther succinctly states:I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. I have a dream that o ne day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream todayThere is an approach to the phenomenon of charisma that King used fully well. Charisma is re-theorized as consisting of behaviors exhibited by leaders and followers projected to external and internal audiences so that they appear to have the attributes of charisma (Charisma). In a theatrical approach, charisma is treated not as consisting of a unique set of characteristics inherent to the individual, but as a set of behaviors, consisting of verbal and non-verbal cues, that can be mimicked to project charisma.   Simply put, the theatrical approach sees charisma as a set of behaviors that can be copied and learned, so that those who exhibit those behaviors will be seen as charismatic individuals capable of leadership.This protest at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963 saw King, Jr. citing the history of a hundred of years struggle of the Black race to fight for equal rights. He challenged the government and the people to rise up and live out to the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal. It was also in this speech that he said:When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!;In this tremendous show of passion, King had a vision of what a nation should be. Freedom as the banner of America should start by freeing its people in any form of discrimination.   The children from any kind of race should be equal in their civil rights. This basic freedom is needed, for them to understand that â€Å"men indeed are created equal†.Charismatic behaviors of being a visionary, being change-oriented, and being non-conservative are either explicitly or implicitly considered as central assumptions in all the theories of charisma that have been established since Weber;   the two argue that all such charisma theories hold that leaders who are exceptionally effective â€Å"articulate visions that are based on normative ideological values, offer innovative solutions to major social problems, stand for non-conservative if not radical change, and generally emerge and are more effective during periods of social crisis† (Fiol, Harris, and House, 1999, p. 3).This theory is effective in bringing about change and inspiring members in complex and formal organizations (Jacobsen ; House , 1999, p.2., citing Dow, 1969; Shils, 1965; Beetham, 1974; Bryman, 1992; Etzioni, 1961). Idealized influence relates to how some individuals are emulated as role models for exemplary behavior. More generally, such individuals exhibit the prized values in a group to an exemplary degree. Inspirational motivation relates to the quality of some individuals that enable them to convince group members to commit to a group vision. Intellectual stimulation refers to the ability of some individuals to make group members reexamine their views and beliefs about the status quo, by encouraging critical thinking and the challenging of rules and established ways of doing things. King maximized this in his speech as he encouraged everyone to dream with him.Personal ReactionSacrifices have been made for the fight to attain equal civil rights. The life of Martin Luther King, Jr. is one of the famous sacrifices. Putting myself as part of the audience on that momentous day, I would also be personally f ired up as he was. There was a certain infectious motivation with the way he uttered those well-chosen words. His literary style of repeating the words, â€Å"I have a dream today†¦Ã¢â‚¬  makes me ride on and dream on with him. He spurs me to action and I can just imagine how his voice and his whole being vibrated to affect his audience. In a subtle kind of way, King employed theatrics as he delivered his speech. He used all of his facial expressions, gestures and most especially, his words in order to touch his audience. He even repeated phrases so well that it drove home the point he wanted to relay such as when he stated again and again, â€Å"Let freedom ring from†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"We can never be satisfied as long as†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ConclusionIn terms of behavior, socialized leaders come up with and articulate goals that serve to better the future of their followers and serve the interest of the collective, are egalitarian in their ways of governing, are not self-ag grandizing and have low ego needs, intellectually stimulate members and help them grow individually, and work legitimately through established power and authority channels. Socialized leaders also encourage members to think critically, and to challenge and critically examine even the views of their leaders (Howell, 2001). In other words, socialized charismatic leaders can be seen to work for the benefit of others, lead from a position of reason and the strength of their conviction to serve their members, and have no vested self-interest.Throughout history the great charismatic leaders who were also forces of good that changed the world for the better can be considered in this light to be socialized charismatic leaders. Looking deeper, we see that socialized charismatic leadership is leadership exercised for the greater good, with no regard for the accumulation of personal power, and with no intention to exercise power over people for any other purpose than for their betterment.

Exercises in Identifying Adverb Clauses

Exercises in Identifying Adverb Clauses An adverb clause (also known as an adverbial clause) is a dependent clause used as an adverb within a sentence. These types of clauses can modify the whole sentence, as well as verbs, adverbs, and adjectives, and may show aspects such as time, reason, concession, or condition. These clauses may often start with words such as while, if, because, when, although, unless, since, so that, whereas, even if, in case, as long as, and other words. In contrast, an adjectival clause will modify a noun and start with a relative pronoun (that, who, whose, whom, or which) or a subordinate conjunction (when  and  where). Before doing these exercises, you may find it helpful to review the study sheet Building Sentences With Adverb Clauses. Practice Identifying Adverb Clauses Each of these  proverbial sayings contains an adverb clause. Identify the adverb clause in each sentence, and then compare your answers with those below. While the cats away, the mice will play.A lie travels around the world while truth is putting her boots on.If you dont know where you are going, any road will get you there.Memory is deceptive because it is colored by todays events.Never look down on anybody unless youre helping him up.You have to kiss a lot of toads before you find a handsome prince.Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect.Life is what happens when you are making other plans.As soon as you forbid something, you make it extraordinarily appealing.Everything is funny, as long as its happening to somebody else.Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.If you want something done right, you have to do it yourself. When the going gets tough, the tough get going. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Cowards die many times before their death. Dont cross the bridge till you come to it. Dont put the cart before the horse. Answer Key In the following sentences, the adverb clauses are in  bold print. Examine what word or phrase theyre modifying and what aspect they show (time, reason, concession, or condition). For example, in sentence 1, the clause refers to the time that the mice will play. While the cats away, the mice will play.A lie travels around the world  while truth is putting her boots on.If you dont know where you are going, any road will get you there.Memory is deceptive  because it is colored by todays events.Never look down on anybody  unless youre helping him up.You have to kiss a lot of toads  before you find a handsome prince.Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect.Life is what happens  when you are making other plans.As soon as you forbid something, you make it extraordinarily appealing.Everything is funny,  as long as its happening to somebody else.Don’t count your chickens before they hatch. If you want something done right, you have to do it yourself. When the going gets tough, the tough get going. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Cowards die many times before their death. Dont cross the bridge till you come to it. Dont put the cart before the horse.

Perceptions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Perceptions - Assignment Example The next category comprises of individuals who associate money and magnanimous deeds. However, the intention of the test was to conduct a study to the masses on their attitude towards money. It reveals that money or wealth influences people’s values (Project Implicit, 2011). These values may be either virtuous or wicked. It is appropriate to say that money influences the background status. Individuals who come from families with average wealth belong to the middle class status whereas those from a humble background belong to the lower middle class. Moreover, huge amounts of money tend to entice some individuals. If a prize is rewarded to an individual, for example, 20 dollars, and the person asked to choose between accepting the pay now or wait for an extra six months in order to gain 120 dollars, the individual prefers to wait for the six months (Project Implicit, 2011). Incase a tragedy happens to a more developed and rich country, some individuals will prefer not to offer assistance in terms of money due to the perception that the country has enough wealth, while others will offer money since they attribute meritorious deeds with money. The Japan earthquake situation generated different perceptions among individuals. The American government offered to aid the countries revival by offering large amounts of money. This generosity developed different perceptions among the people as some said that there is no need of offering assistance In terms of money to a rich country. Other people suggested that it was a noble deed by the Americans as they attributed goodly deeds with